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mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> </head> <body lang=RU link=blue vlink="#954F72" style='tab-interval:35.4pt'> <div class=WordSection1> <h1 style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left: 0cm'><b style='mso-ansi-font-weight:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:normal; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><a href="http://sergf.ru/sph.htm">0<span style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'> </span>@CAA:><<span style='mso-ansi-language: EN-GB'> </span>O7K:5</a></span></font></b><font size=3><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></font></h1> <h1 style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left: 0cm'><b><font size=6 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:24.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN'>Substantial photon model<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Substantial_photon_model">From <span class=SpellE>Wikiversity</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><b><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU;font-weight:bold'>Substantial photon model</span></font></b><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> is a theoretical model, which considers the origin, structure, state of matter, and other properties of the photon. To support the substantial model of the photon, the equations of classical electromagnetism and quantum mechanics are used, as well as </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/bvmen.htm">Infinite Hierarchical Nesting of Matter</a></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>, </span></font><u><font color=blue><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/even.htm">electrogravitational vacuum</a></span></font></u><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> and </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/stgen.htm">strong gravitation</a>.</span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-outline-level:2'><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'>Contents</span></font></b><b><font size=5 color=black><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU'>1 <span class=SpellE>Photon</span> <span class=SpellE>formation</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU'>2 <span class=SpellE>Photon</span> <span class=SpellE>structure</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU'>3 <span class=SpellE>Photon</span> <span class=SpellE>properties</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU'>4 Mass<o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU'>5 References<o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU'>6 <span class=SpellE>See</span> <span class=SpellE>also</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU'>7 <span class=SpellE>External</span> <span class=SpellE>links</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></li> </ul> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal; mso-outline-level:2'><span class=SpellE><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'>Photon</span></font></b></span><b><font size=5 color=black><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'> <span class=SpellE>formation</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><a href="http://www.wikiznanie.ru/wikipedia/index.php/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Photon_model.png"><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU; mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1133" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="http://www.wikiznanie.ru/wikipedia/images/0/0e/Photon_model.png" href="http://www.wikiznanie.ru/wikipedia/index.php/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Photon_model.png" style='width:225pt;height:190.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square' o:button="t"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"/> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image001.png" o:title="Photon_model"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><span style='mso-ignore:vglayout'><img border=0 width=300 height=254 src="sphen.files/image002.jpg" alt="http://www.wikiznanie.ru/wikipedia/images/0/0e/Photon_model.png" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_1"></span><![endif]></span></a></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The cross section of a photon propagating along the axis<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1132" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~OZ" style='width:22.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image004.png" o:title="~OZ"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=30 height=14 src="sphen.files/image004.png" alt="~OZ" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_3"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. The positive charge near the axis<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1131" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~OZ" style='width:22.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image004.png" o:title="~OZ"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=30 height=14 src="sphen.files/image004.png" alt="~OZ" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_4"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is indicated with +, the negative charges of the lobes are indicated with </span></font></span><span class=GramE><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> </span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>.</span></font></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> The rotation of the photon matter leads to a helical spatial configuration.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>In the model under consideration, a photon emitted from an atom during quantum transition is formed under the action of the atom s electromagnetic field from relativistic </span></font><u><font color=blue><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/praen.htm">praons</a></span></font></u><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>, which are constituents of the dynamic electrogravitational vacuum. <sup>[1]</sup> <sup>[2]</sup> The properties of praons, including their mass and charge, are derived in the framework of the theory of </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/bvmen.htm">Infinite Hierarchical Nesting of Matter</a></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>, taking into account the </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/pumen.htm">similarity of matter levels</a></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>. The praon level of matter is related to the nucleon level of matter in the same way as nucleons are related to stars. This means that all hadrons and leptons of the nucleon level of matter, as well as photons, consist of praons in one or another of their states. The praonic structure of the proton and neutron is described in the articles </span></font><u><font color=blue><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/smpen.htm">substantial proton model</a></span></font></u><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> and </span></font><u><font color=blue><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/smnen.htm">substantial neutron model</a></span></font></u><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>According to the </span></font><u><font color=blue><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/smeen.htm">substantial model</a></span></font></u><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>, an electron in the atom represents a disk-shaped object. The electron spin appears when the center of the disk is shifted relative to the atomic nucleus and revolves around the nucleus, in this case a photon is emitted from the atom. In the first approximation, the entire disk is replaced by a point electron located at the center of the disk and revolving around the nucleus. This allows us to calculate the electric and magnetic fields of the revolving electron in the near, far, and wave zones for a hydrogen-like atom. These fields act on the relativistic praons of the vacuum, that pass through the electron disk, and cause them to form the rotating helical structure of the photon. <span class=GramE>So</span> an internal periodic wave structure is formed inside the photon. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The analysis shows that in the course of emission of a photon, the current revolution frequency of the electron disk and, accordingly, the frequency of the wave inside the forming part of the photon are changing constantly and are equal to each other, reaching a maximum near the lowest energy level. In this case, the photon frequency, found with the help of the photon energy and the Planck constant, turns out to be equal to the average revolution frequency of the electron disk over the entire time of the photon emission. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The photon is emitted along the axis of the electron disk, but some part of the energy in the form of electromagnetic emission leaves the excited atom in other directions. This emission is in phase with the oscillations inside the photon. The latter can explain the results of the </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%27s_interference_experiment" title="w:Young's interference experiment"><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language: EN-US'>Young's interference experiment</span></a></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'> with low light intensity, when interference between single photons is observed. In this case, each photon passes through a particular slit and the coherent emission from the atom, associated with it, passes through another slit, which as a result gives the interference pattern. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The photon represents a complex lobe structure and has the shape of a long and thin rotating cylinder, the central part of which contains the prevailing positive charge, and the surface part is negatively charged. It is assumed that the </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/stgen.htm">strong gravitation</a></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> acts at the praon level of matter, while the gravitational constant reaches the value<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1130" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~G_{{pr}}=1.752\cdot 10^{{67}}" style='width:111pt;height:18pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image005.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{67}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=148 height=24 src="sphen.files/image005.png" alt="~G_{{pr}}=1.752\cdot 10^{{67}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_5"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>m<sup>3</sup>" s<sup> 2</sup>" kg<sup> 1</sup>, which can be obtained from the </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language: EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/psgen.htm">strong gravitational constant</a></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> using the similarity relations. In gravitational field with this large gravitational constant, the praons of the photon can form sufficiently rigid structure, so that the photon could fly large cosmic distances without decaying. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>In </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/gmsen.htm">gravitational model of strong interaction</a></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>, the strong interaction between particles appears as a result of summation of electromagnetic forces, strong gravitation and forces from the </span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/pken.htm">gravitational torsion field</a></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>. The main components are the gravitational attraction force and the spin-spin repulsion force. When the distances between the particles are smaller than the nucleon radius, the balance of forces and formation of such composite objects, as atomic nuclei and neutron stars, are possible. <sup>[3]</sup> Thus, the praons in photon matter have such proper spin rotation, that the resulting torsion field creates the pressure, which counteracts the action of strong gravitation. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal; mso-outline-level:2'><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight: bold'>Photon structure<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/praen.htm">Praons</a></span></font></u><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> have a charge of the order of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1129" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~q_{{pr}}=1.06\cdot 10^{{-57}}" style='width:107.25pt;height:18pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image006.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-57}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=143 height=24 src="sphen.files/image006.png" alt="~q_{{pr}}=1.06\cdot 10^{{-57}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_6"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>C, an invariant mass of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1128" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m_{{pr}}=1\cdot 10^{{-84}}" style='width:95.25pt;height:18pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image007.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-84}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=127 height=24 src="sphen.files/image007.png" alt="~m_{{pr}}=1\cdot 10^{{-84}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_7"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>kg, and to describe their motion at relativistic speeds, one should use the Lorentz factor, which reaches the value<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU; mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1127" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\gamma =1.9\cdot 10^{{11}}" style='width:82.5pt; height:16.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image008.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{11}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=110 height=22 src="sphen.files/image008.png" alt="~\gamma =1.9\cdot 10^{{11}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_8"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. Such Lorentz factor was found for praons inside a photon with the wavelength<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU; mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1126" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\lambda =1.21567\cdot 10^{{-7}}" style='width:114.75pt; height:14.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image009.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-7}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=153 height=19 src="sphen.files/image009.png" alt="~\lambda =1.21567\cdot 10^{{-7}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_9"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>m and the angular frequency<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1125" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\omega =1.54946\cdot 10^{{16}}" style='width:113.25pt;height:14.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image010.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{16}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=151 height=19 src="sphen.files/image010.png" alt="~\omega =1.54946\cdot 10^{{16}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_10"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>s<sup> 1</sup>, which emerges in the hydrogen atom at the transition of the electron from the second to the first level in the Lyman series. <sup>[1]</sup> This allows us to turn with the help of Lorentz transformations to the reference frame </span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language:RU; mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1124" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K'" style='width:16.5pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image011.png" o:title="~K'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image011.png" alt="~K'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_11"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>, co-moving with photon, to determine the components of the electromagnetic field and the field of strong gravitation, and to understand motion of praons from the standpoint of a fixed photon. <sup>[2]</sup> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>In the reference frame </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1123" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K'" style='width:16.5pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image011.png" o:title="~K'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image011.png" alt="~K'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_12"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>, moving with the photon along the<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_i1122" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~OZ" style='width:22.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image004.png" o:title="~OZ"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=30 height=14 src="sphen.files/image004.png" alt="~OZ" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_13"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>of laboratory reference system </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1121" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_14"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, the role of the angular velocity of rotation of the praons in the planes </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_15" o:spid="_x0000_i1120" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~X'O'Y'" style='width:47.25pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image013.png" o:title="~X'O'Y'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=63 height=17 src="sphen.files/image013.png" alt="~X'O'Y'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_15"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is played by the quantity <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_16" o:spid="_x0000_i1119" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\omega '={\frac {\omega (1-V_{z}/c)}{{\sqrt {1-V_{z}^{2}/c^{2}}}}}," style='width:114pt;height:43.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image014.png" o:title="c^{2}}}}},"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=152 height=58 src="sphen.files/image014.png" alt="~\omega '={\frac {\omega (1-V_{z}/c)}{{\sqrt {1-V_{z}^{2}/c^{2}}}}}," v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_16"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>where<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1118" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V_{z}" style='width:12.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image015.png" o:title="~V_{z}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image015.png" alt="~V_{z}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_17"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is the photon speed almost equal to the speed of light </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_i1117" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~c" style='width:9.75pt;height:9pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image016.png" o:title="~c"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=13 height=12 src="sphen.files/image016.png" alt="~c" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_18"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The angular velocity<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_19" o:spid="_x0000_i1116" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\omega '" style='width:12.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image017.png" o:title="omega '"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image017.png" alt="~\omega '" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_19"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is less than the angular velocity of rotation<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_20" o:spid="_x0000_i1115" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\omega " style='width:13.5pt; height:9pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image018.png" o:title="omega "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=12 src="sphen.files/image018.png" alt="~\omega " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_20"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>of the electron in the atom and the angular frequency of the photon in </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_21" o:spid="_x0000_i1114" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_21"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, due to the time dilation effect. At the same time, in<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_22" o:spid="_x0000_i1113" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_22"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>the wavelength of the photon is equal to </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_23" o:spid="_x0000_i1112" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\lambda " style='width:13.5pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image019.png" o:title="lambda "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=17 src="sphen.files/image019.png" alt="~\lambda " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_23"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>, and in<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_24" o:spid="_x0000_i1111" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K'" style='width:16.5pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image011.png" o:title="~K'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image011.png" alt="~K'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_24"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>it becomes larger and equals to <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_25" o:spid="_x0000_i1110" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\lambda '={\frac {\lambda {\sqrt {1-V_{z}^{2}/c^{2}}}}{1-V_{z}/c}}," style='width:120.75pt;height:42pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image020.png" o:title="c}},"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=161 height=56 src="sphen.files/image020.png" alt="~\lambda '={\frac {\lambda {\sqrt {1-V_{z}^{2}/c^{2}}}}{1-V_{z}/c}}," v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_25"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>which is due to the effect of reduction of the longitudinal dimensions of the moving bodies in </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_26" o:spid="_x0000_i1109" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_26"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>In case of instantaneous motion of the observer along the axis<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_27" o:spid="_x0000_i1108" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~O'Z'" style='width:29.25pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image021.png" o:title="~O'Z'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=39 height=17 src="sphen.files/image021.png" alt="~O'Z'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_27"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>in<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_28" o:spid="_x0000_i1107" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K'" style='width:16.5pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image011.png" o:title="~K'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image011.png" alt="~K'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_28"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>with changing of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_29" o:spid="_x0000_i1106" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~z'" style='width:9.75pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image022.png" o:title="~z'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=13 height=17 src="sphen.files/image022.png" alt="~z'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_29"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>there is a displacement of the rotation phase by the value </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_30" o:spid="_x0000_i1105" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\Delta \phi =-{\frac {2\pi z'}{\lambda '}}." style='width:85.5pt;height:31.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image023.png" o:title="lambda '}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=114 height=42 src="sphen.files/image023.png" alt="~\Delta \phi =-{\frac {2\pi z'}{\lambda '}}." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_30"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>Thus, in the proper reference frame<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_31" o:spid="_x0000_i1104" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K'" style='width:16.5pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image011.png" o:title="~K'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image011.png" alt="~K'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_31"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>the photon represents a slowly rotating helical structure with the pitch of the right screw along the axis<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_32" o:spid="_x0000_i1103" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~O'Z'" style='width:29.25pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image021.png" o:title="~O'Z'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=39 height=17 src="sphen.files/image021.png" alt="~O'Z'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_32"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>being equal to<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_33" o:spid="_x0000_i1102" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\lambda '" style='width:10.5pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image024.png" o:title="lambda '"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=14 height=17 src="sphen.files/image024.png" alt="~\lambda '" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_33"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. In the laboratory reference frame<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_34" o:spid="_x0000_i1101" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_34"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>the pitch of the photon s helical structure is equal to the photon s wavelength </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_35" o:spid="_x0000_i1100" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\lambda " style='width:13.5pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image019.png" o:title="lambda "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=17 src="sphen.files/image019.png" alt="~\lambda " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_35"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>. This leads to the wave pattern of motion of the photon s matter and, consequently, to the wave electromagnetic field from rotation of the electric charge distributed in the photon s lobes. In this case the photon has circular polarization. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal; mso-outline-level:2'><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight: bold'>Photon properties<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>Inside each lobe of the photon there should be sufficiently smooth distribution of the charge, from the positive charge at the center  to the prevalence of the negative charge at the edges of the lobes. This should also be accompanied by smooth change of the mass density along the lobes. In this case, the lobes contain not only the negative praons but also a significant number of positive praons, ensuring the electroneutrality of the photon. In this case, the positive praons are matched with protons, the negative <span class=SpellE>praons</span> (<span class=SpellE>praelectrons</span>) with electrons, and neutral praons are the analogues of neutrons. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>With the help of the Lorentz transformations, we can recalculate the electromagnetic field components from the photon s reference frame<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_36" o:spid="_x0000_i1099" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K'" style='width:16.5pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image011.png" o:title="~K'"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image011.png" alt="~K'" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_36"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>into the laboratory reference frame </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_37" o:spid="_x0000_i1098" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_37"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. If some lobe in the photon at a given time point is directed along the axis </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_38" o:spid="_x0000_i1097" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~OX" style='width:24.75pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image025.png" o:title="~OX"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=33 height=14 src="sphen.files/image025.png" alt="~OX" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_38"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, then the electric field<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_39" o:spid="_x0000_i1096" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{x}" style='width:16.5pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image026.png" o:title="~E_{x}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image026.png" alt="~E_{x}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_39"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>appears in this lobe. In addition, due to the photon s motion at the velocity<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_40" o:spid="_x0000_i1095" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V_{z}\approx c" style='width:40.5pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image027.png" o:title="approx c"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=54 height=17 src="sphen.files/image027.png" alt="~V_{z}\approx c" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_40"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, the magnetic field appears in this lobe<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_41" o:spid="_x0000_i1094" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~B_{y}={\frac {E_{x}V_{z}}{c^{2}}}\approx {\frac {E_{x}}{c}}." style='width:115.5pt;height:30.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image028.png" o:title="frac {E_{x}}{c}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=154 height=41 src="sphen.files/image028.png" alt="~B_{y}={\frac {E_{x}V_{z}}{c^{2}}}\approx {\frac {E_{x}}{c}}." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_41"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>This allows us to understand for the photon the relation between the transverse components of the electric and magnetic fields, connected by a coefficient in the form of the speed of light. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The relation between the centripetal force, required to rotate the particle on the surface of a photon, and the electric force, exerted on the particle with the charge </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_42" o:spid="_x0000_i1093" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~q" style='width:11.25pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image029.png" o:title="~q"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=15 height=17 src="sphen.files/image029.png" alt="~q" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_42"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>and the rest mass<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_43" o:spid="_x0000_i1092" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m" style='width:16.5pt;height:9pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image030.png" o:title="~m"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=12 src="sphen.files/image030.png" alt="~m" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_43"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, is as follows: <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_44" o:spid="_x0000_i1091" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~qE_{0}={\frac {\gamma mV^{2}}{R_{0}}}=\gamma m\omega ^{2}R_{0}," style='width:162pt;height:34.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image031.png" o:title="omega ^{2}R_{0},"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=216 height=46 src="sphen.files/image031.png" alt="~qE_{0}={\frac {\gamma mV^{2}}{R_{0}}}=\gamma m\omega ^{2}R_{0}," v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_44"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>here </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_45" o:spid="_x0000_i1090" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{0}" style='width:15.75pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image032.png" o:title="~E_{0}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=21 height=17 src="sphen.files/image032.png" alt="~E_{0}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_45"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is, in the first approximation, a certain averaged electric field inside the photon s lobes from the viewpoint of the laboratory reference frame </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_46" o:spid="_x0000_i1089" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_46"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_47" o:spid="_x0000_i1088" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~R_{0}" style='width:16.5pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image033.png" o:title="~R_{0}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image033.png" alt="~R_{0}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_47"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is the transverse radius of the <span class=GramE>photon ,</span> </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_48" o:spid="_x0000_i1087" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V" style='width:10.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image034.png" o:title="~V"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=14 height=14 src="sphen.files/image034.png" alt="~V" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_48"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is the particle s velocity on the photon surface, </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_49" o:spid="_x0000_i1086" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\gamma " style='width:12.75pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image035.png" o:title="gamma "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image035.png" alt="~\gamma " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_49"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is the Lorentz factor of the photon s motion in general. The emergence of </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_50" o:spid="_x0000_i1085" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\gamma " style='width:12.75pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image035.png" o:title="gamma "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image035.png" alt="~\gamma " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_50"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is due to the fact that practically the velocity of the photon s particles is close to the speed of light and is perpendicular to the centripetal acceleration from the electric force that causes the particles to rotate. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>For the photon, it is assumed that half of its energy<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_51" o:spid="_x0000_i1084" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W=\hbar \omega " style='width:52.5pt;height:10.5pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image036.png" o:title="omega "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=70 height=14 src="sphen.files/image036.png" alt="~W=\hbar \omega " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_51"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is the energy of the particles rotation, and the other half of its energy is the total energy of all the fields. Besides, in the reference frame<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_52" o:spid="_x0000_i1083" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_52"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>the angular momentum of the photon is equal to the Dirac constant and is given by a formula, which corresponds to a rotating cylinder composed of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_53" o:spid="_x0000_i1082" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~N" style='width:16.5pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image037.png" o:title="~N"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=17 src="sphen.files/image037.png" alt="~N" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_53"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>particles: <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_54" o:spid="_x0000_i1081" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~L_{p}=\hbar ={\frac {1}{2}}N\gamma m\omega R_{0}^{2}." style='width:138pt;height:30.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image038.png" o:title="omega R_{0}^{2}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=184 height=41 src="sphen.files/image038.png" alt="~L_{p}=\hbar ={\frac {1}{2}}N\gamma m\omega R_{0}^{2}." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_54"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>As a result, the rotation energy can be estimated as half the photon energy: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_55" o:spid="_x0000_i1080" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W_{r}={\frac {1}{2}}L_{p}\omega ={\frac {1}{2}}\hbar \omega ={\frac {1}{2}}W." style='width:168.75pt;height:30.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image039.png" o:title="frac {1}{2}}W"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=225 height=41 src="sphen.files/image039.png" alt="~W_{r}={\frac {1}{2}}L_{p}\omega ={\frac {1}{2}}\hbar \omega ={\frac {1}{2}}W." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_55"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>Dividing the photon energy<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_56" o:spid="_x0000_i1079" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W=\hbar \omega " style='width:52.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image036.png" o:title="omega "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=70 height=14 src="sphen.files/image036.png" alt="~W=\hbar \omega " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_56"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>by the photon volume, we obtain the energy density, which can be equated to the double density of the electromagnetic energy inside the photon: <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_57" o:spid="_x0000_i1078" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~{\frac {\hbar \omega }{\pi R_{0}^{2}c\tau }}=\varepsilon _{0}E_{0}^{2}." style='width:94.5pt;height:34.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image040.png" o:title="varepsilon _{0}E_{0}^{2}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=126 height=46 src="sphen.files/image040.png" alt="~{\frac {\hbar \omega }{\pi R_{0}^{2}c\tau }}=\varepsilon _{0}E_{0}^{2}." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_57"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>Hence, with the known values for the photon s angular frequency<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_58" o:spid="_x0000_i1077" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\omega =1.54946\cdot 10^{{16}}" style='width:113.25pt; height:14.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image010.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{16}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=151 height=19 src="sphen.files/image010.png" alt="~\omega =1.54946\cdot 10^{{16}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_58"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>s<sup> 1</sup>, with the photon radius<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_59" o:spid="_x0000_i1076" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~R_{0}=4a_{B}" style='width:60pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image041.png" o:title="~R_{0}=4a_{B}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=80 height=17 src="sphen.files/image041.png" alt="~R_{0}=4a_{B}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_59"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, where </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_60" o:spid="_x0000_i1075" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~a_{B}" style='width:15.75pt; height:9pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image042.png" o:title="~a_{B}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=21 height=12 src="sphen.files/image042.png" alt="~a_{B}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_60"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is the Bohr radius, the photon emission time<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_61" o:spid="_x0000_i1074" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\tau =9.8\cdot 10^{{-10}}" style='width:90.75pt;height:14.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image043.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-10}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=121 height=19 src="sphen.files/image043.png" alt="~\tau =9.8\cdot 10^{{-10}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_61"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>s, the </span></font><u><font color=blue><span style='color:blue'><a href="http://sergf.ru/epen.htm">electric constant</a></span></font></u><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_62" o:spid="_x0000_i1073" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\varepsilon _{0}" style='width:15pt;height:11.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image044.png" o:title="varepsilon _{0}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=20 height=15 src="sphen.files/image044.png" alt="~\varepsilon _{0}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_62"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, the average electric field<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_63" o:spid="_x0000_i1072" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{0}" style='width:15.75pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image032.png" o:title="~E_{0}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=21 height=17 src="sphen.files/image032.png" alt="~E_{0}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_63"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>inside the photon is found. Substituting </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_64" o:spid="_x0000_i1071" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{0}" style='width:15.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image032.png" o:title="~E_{0}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=21 height=17 src="sphen.files/image032.png" alt="~E_{0}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_64"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>into the equation of rotation of the charged particle gives: <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_65" o:spid="_x0000_i1070" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~{\frac {q}{\gamma m}}=R_{0}^{2}{\sqrt {{\frac {\pi \varepsilon _{0}c\tau \omega ^{3}}{\hbar }}}}=2.4\cdot 10^{{16}}" style='width:201.75pt;height:38.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image045.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{16}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=269 height=51 src="sphen.files/image045.png" alt="~{\frac {q}{\gamma m}}=R_{0}^{2}{\sqrt {{\frac {\pi \varepsilon _{0}c\tau \omega ^{3}}{\hbar }}}}=2.4\cdot 10^{{16}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_65"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>C/kg. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>If we substitute the charge and mass of the praon instead of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_66" o:spid="_x0000_i1069" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~q" style='width:11.25pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image029.png" o:title="~q"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=15 height=17 src="sphen.files/image029.png" alt="~q" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_66"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>and<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_67" o:spid="_x0000_i1068" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m" style='width:16.5pt; height:9pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image030.png" o:title="~m"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=12 src="sphen.files/image030.png" alt="~m" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_67"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>, we can estimate the Lorentz factor for the photon: </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_68" o:spid="_x0000_i1067" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\gamma =1.9\cdot 10^{{11}}" style='width:82.5pt;height:16.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image008.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{11}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=110 height=22 src="sphen.files/image008.png" alt="~\gamma =1.9\cdot 10^{{11}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_68"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. The highest value </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_69" o:spid="_x0000_i1066" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\gamma " style='width:12.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image035.png" o:title="gamma "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image035.png" alt="~\gamma " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_69"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>of the photon is expected in the hydrogen-like atom, which has the nucleus with the largest number of protons, and in electron transitions near the smallest orbits. In this case the largest fields of the atom influence the praons of the emerging photon and transfer their energy to them. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The calculation shows that ratio of the fluxes of gravitational and electromagnetic energies in the photon turns out to be equal to the ratio of the proton mass to the electron mass. An estimate of the longitudinal magnetic field inside the photon under consideration gives the value<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_70" o:spid="_x0000_i1065" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~B_{z}=5.4\cdot 10^{{-28}}" style='width:99.75pt; height:15.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image046.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-28}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=133 height=21 src="sphen.files/image046.png" alt="~B_{z}=5.4\cdot 10^{{-28}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_70"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>T. This means that in the laboratory reference frame<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_71" o:spid="_x0000_i1064" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_71"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>the magnetic dipole moment of the photon equals<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_72" o:spid="_x0000_i1063" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~P_{m}=1.8\cdot 10^{{-41}}" style='width:102pt;height:15.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image047.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-41}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=136 height=21 src="sphen.files/image047.png" alt="~P_{m}=1.8\cdot 10^{{-41}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_72"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>A " m<sup>2</sup>. Comparison with the Bohr magneton<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_73" o:spid="_x0000_i1062" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\mu _{B}" style='width:17.25pt; height:9.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image048.png" o:title="mu _{B}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=23 height=13 src="sphen.files/image048.png" alt="~\mu _{B}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_73"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>shows that for this photon<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_74" o:spid="_x0000_i1061" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~P_{m}=1.9\cdot 10^{{-18}}\mu _{B}" style='width:120pt; height:16.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image049.png" o:title="mu _{B}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=160 height=22 src="sphen.files/image049.png" alt="~P_{m}=1.9\cdot 10^{{-18}}\mu _{B}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_74"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal; mso-outline-level:2'><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight: bold'>Mass<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>In the special theory of relativity there is a well-known formula, connecting the relativistic energy </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_75" o:spid="_x0000_i1060" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W" style='width:18.75pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image050.png" o:title="~W"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=25 height=17 src="sphen.files/image050.png" alt="~W" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_75"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>, momentum<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_76" o:spid="_x0000_i1059" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~{\mathbf p}" style='width:9pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image051.png" o:title="mathbf p}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=12 height=14 src="sphen.files/image051.png" alt="~{\mathbf p}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_76"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>and invariant mass<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_77" o:spid="_x0000_i1058" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m" style='width:16.5pt;height:9pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image030.png" o:title="~m"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=22 height=12 src="sphen.files/image030.png" alt="~m" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_77"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(the rest mass) of a particle: <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_78" o:spid="_x0000_i1057" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W^{2}=p^{2}c^{2}+m^{2}c^{4}." style='width:117.75pt;height:16.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image052.png" o:title="~W^{2}=p^{2}c^{2}+m^{2}c^{4}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=157 height=22 src="sphen.files/image052.png" alt="~W^{2}=p^{2}c^{2}+m^{2}c^{4}." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_78"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>As a rule, it is believed that the rest mass of the photon is zero, </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_79" o:spid="_x0000_i1056" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m=0" style='width:39.75pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image053.png" o:title="~m=0"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=53 height=14 src="sphen.files/image053.png" alt="~m=0" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_79"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>, and then the photon energy depends only on its momentum:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_80" o:spid="_x0000_i1055" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W=\hbar \omega =pc." style='width:89.25pt; height:13.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image054.png" o:title="omega =pc"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=119 height=18 src="sphen.files/image054.png" alt="~W=\hbar \omega =pc." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_80"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>The latter ratio allows us to find the photon s momentum using the energy or angular frequency of the photon. In this case the photon must move at the speed of light<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_81" o:spid="_x0000_i1054" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~c" style='width:9.75pt;height:9pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image016.png" o:title="~c"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=13 height=12 src="sphen.files/image016.png" alt="~c" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_81"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>In the substantial model, the photon energy </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_82" o:spid="_x0000_i1053" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W" style='width:18.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image050.png" o:title="~W"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=25 height=17 src="sphen.files/image050.png" alt="~W" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_82"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>characterizes the rotational energy of the photon s particles and the energy of the fields inside the photon from the viewpoint of the laboratory reference frame </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_83" o:spid="_x0000_i1052" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~K" style='width:13.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image012.png" o:title="~K"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=18 height=14 src="sphen.files/image012.png" alt="~K" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_83"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>. However, the photon still moves at the velocity </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_84" o:spid="_x0000_i1051" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V_{z}" style='width:12.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image015.png" o:title="~V_{z}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image015.png" alt="~V_{z}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_84"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>, which is very close to the speed of light, due to which the relativistic energy of all the photon s particles reaches the value<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_85" o:spid="_x0000_i1050" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{{pr}}" style='width:21pt; height:15pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image055.png" o:title="~E_{{pr}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=28 height=20 src="sphen.files/image055.png" alt="~E_{{pr}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_85"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. This energy is much greater than </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_86" o:spid="_x0000_i1049" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W" style='width:18.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image050.png" o:title="~W"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=25 height=17 src="sphen.files/image050.png" alt="~W" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_86"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>, because the following relation holds true: </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_87" o:spid="_x0000_i1048" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~{\frac {E_{{pr}}}{W}}={\frac {2c^{2}}{\omega ^{2}R_{0}^{2}}}." style='width:81.75pt;height:36pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image056.png" o:title="omega ^{2}R_{0}^{2}}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=109 height=48 src="sphen.files/image056.png" alt="~{\frac {E_{{pr}}}{W}}={\frac {2c^{2}}{\omega ^{2}R_{0}^{2}}}." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_87"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>   </span>By the order of magnitude, the difference between the energies </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_88" o:spid="_x0000_i1047" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{{pr}}" style='width:21pt;height:15pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image055.png" o:title="~E_{{pr}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=28 height=20 src="sphen.files/image055.png" alt="~E_{{pr}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_88"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>and <span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span></span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_89" o:spid="_x0000_i1046" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W" style='width:18.75pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible; mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image050.png" o:title="~W"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=25 height=17 src="sphen.files/image050.png" alt="~W" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_89"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>is about tens of thousands and more. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The invariant photon mass, which is understood as the invariant mass of the praons that make up the photon, turns out to be equal to the value<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_90" o:spid="_x0000_i1045" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m_{{ph}}={\frac {2\hbar }{\gamma \omega R_{0}^{2}}}." style='width:85.5pt;height:34.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image057.png" o:title="omega R_{0}^{2}}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=114 height=46 src="sphen.files/image057.png" alt="~m_{{ph}}={\frac {2\hbar }{\gamma \omega R_{0}^{2}}}." v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_90"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>For the photon under consideration<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_91" o:spid="_x0000_i1044" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W=1.6\cdot 10^{{-18}}" style='width:97.5pt;height:14.25pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image058.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-18}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=130 height=19 src="sphen.files/image058.png" alt="~W=1.6\cdot 10^{{-18}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_91"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>J or 10.2 eV,<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_92" o:spid="_x0000_i1043" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{{pr}}=2.7\cdot 10^{{-14}}" style='width:104.25pt;height:18pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image059.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-14}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=139 height=24 src="sphen.files/image059.png" alt="~E_{{pr}}=2.7\cdot 10^{{-14}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_92"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>J or 170 keV,<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_93" o:spid="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m_{{ph}}=1.6\cdot 10^{{-42}}" style='width:107.25pt;height:18pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image060.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-42}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=143 height=24 src="sphen.files/image060.png" alt="~m_{{ph}}=1.6\cdot 10^{{-42}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_93"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>kg or </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_94" o:spid="_x0000_i1041" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~9\cdot 10^{{-7}}" style='width:46.5pt;height:14.25pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image061.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{-7}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=62 height=19 src="sphen.files/image061.png" alt="~9\cdot 10^{{-7}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_94"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>eV/</span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU'>A</span></font><sup><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>2</span></font></span></sup><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> in energy units. It turns out that the rest mass of the photon s particles<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_95" o:spid="_x0000_i1040" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m_{{ph}}" style='width:24pt; height:11.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image062.png" o:title="~m_{{ph}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=32 height=15 src="sphen.files/image062.png" alt="~m_{{ph}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_95"><![endif]></span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is not equal to zero, though it is quite low. As a <span class=GramE>result</span> for the photon one can write: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_96" o:spid="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{{pr}}^{2}=p_{{pr}}^{2}c^{2}+m_{{ph}}^{2}c^{4}\approx p_{{pr}}^{2}c^{2}," style='width:180.75pt;height:19.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image063.png" o:title="approx p_{{pr}}^{2}c^{2},"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=241 height=26 src="sphen.files/image063.png" alt="~E_{{pr}}^{2}=p_{{pr}}^{2}c^{2}+m_{{ph}}^{2}c^{4}\approx p_{{pr}}^{2}c^{2}," v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_96"><![endif]></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>here<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_97" o:spid="_x0000_i1038" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~p_{{pr}}=\gamma m_{{ph}}V_{z}" style='width:85.5pt;height:15pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image064.png" o:title="gamma m_{{ph}}V_{z}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=114 height=20 src="sphen.files/image064.png" alt="~p_{{pr}}=\gamma m_{{ph}}V_{z}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_97"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is the total momentum of the photon particles. As an estimate of the number of praons in the photon, emitted by the hydrogen atom, there is a relation:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_98" o:spid="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~{\frac {m_{{ph}}}{m_{{pr}}}}=1.6\cdot 10^{{42}}" style='width:101.25pt;height:31.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image065.png" o:title="cdot 10^{{42}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=135 height=42 src="sphen.files/image065.png" alt="~{\frac {m_{{ph}}}{m_{{pr}}}}=1.6\cdot 10^{{42}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_98"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>praons. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>The energy </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_99" o:spid="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~E_{{pr}}" style='width:21pt;height:15pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image055.png" o:title="~E_{{pr}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=28 height=20 src="sphen.files/image055.png" alt="~E_{{pr}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_99"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is not transferred to the praons from the electrons in the photon emission from the atom, but they had this energy at the time of interaction of the praons fluxes with the electron. Despite the fact that the rest mass<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_100" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~m_{{ph}}" style='width:24pt; height:11.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image062.png" o:title="~m_{{ph}}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=32 height=15 src="sphen.files/image062.png" alt="~m_{{ph}}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_100"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>of the photon particles is big enough, it cannot be directly found in experiments. This is due to the fact that during interaction of the photon with the matter, the photon s angular momentum of the order of<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_101" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~\hbar " style='width:12.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image066.png" o:title="hbar "/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image066.png" alt="~\hbar " v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_101"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>is transferred to the matter, as well as the corresponding energy and momentum. However, the main part of the photon energy, involved in the relativistic motion of praons, is carried away with them at the moment of the photon decay and its scattering into separate praons. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>It can be assumed that the velocities<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_102" o:spid="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V" style='width:10.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image034.png" o:title="~V"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=14 height=14 src="sphen.files/image034.png" alt="~V" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_102"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>of the fluxes of praons in the vacuum field are of the order of the speed of light, </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_103" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V\leq c" style='width:38.25pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image067.png" o:title="leq c"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=51 height=17 src="sphen.files/image067.png" alt="~V\leq c" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_103"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>. At the same time, the photons are moving at the velocity </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_104" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V_{z}" style='width:12.75pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image015.png" o:title="~V_{z}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image015.png" alt="~V_{z}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_104"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>,<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>and we should have<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_105" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V_{z}\leq V" style='width:45pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image068.png" o:title="leq V"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=60 height=17 src="sphen.files/image068.png" alt="~V_{z}\leq V" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_105"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>. Some difference between </span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_106" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V_{z}" style='width:12.75pt;height:12.75pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image015.png" o:title="~V_{z}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image015.png" alt="~V_{z}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_106"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>and<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_107" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V" style='width:10.5pt; height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image034.png" o:title="~V"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=14 height=14 src="sphen.files/image034.png" alt="~V" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_107"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>is explained by the fact that the praons in the photon do not only move along the axis<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_108" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~OZ" style='width:22.5pt;height:10.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image004.png" o:title="~OZ"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=30 height=14 src="sphen.files/image004.png" alt="~OZ" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_108"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>, which is perpendicular to the plane of the electron disk at the moment of the photon emission, but they also rotate around this axis by some spirals. Rotation of the praons depends on the photon frequency and energy, which should influence the velocity of the photons<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></span></font></span><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_109" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~V_{z}" style='width:12.75pt; height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image015.png" o:title="~V_{z}"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=17 height=17 src="sphen.files/image015.png" alt="~V_{z}" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_109"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span>and lead to some initial velocity dispersion of the photons of different frequencies. </span></font></span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>In the article,<sup id="cite_ref-4">[4]</sup> assuming a non-zero photon mass, the modeling used in atomic spectroscopy for the line shapes and their intensities was considered. It was concluded that massive photons should have velocity dispersion, as well as possible longitudinal polarization state.</span><font color=black><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>It is convenient to assume that the speed of light is the limiting value for the motion of photons and particles. In transition to the lower levels of matter (to nucleons, praons, etc.) the Lorentz factor increases in the particles that make up the photons of the respective matter level, while their velocities must not exceed the speed of light. <span class=GramE>Thus</span> the theory of relativity is applied in the theory of infinite nesting of particles. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>It is known that the photon in the form of a gamma-quantum, with the energy </span></font><font color=black><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id=" 8AC=>:_x0020_110" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="~W" style='width:18.75pt;height:12.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="sphen.files/image050.png" o:title="~W"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img border=0 width=25 height=17 src="sphen.files/image050.png" alt="~W" v:shapes=" 8AC=>:_x0020_110"><![endif]></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext'>exceeding twice the rest energy of an electron, when interacting with an atomic nucleus or a heavy charged particle can create an electron-positron pair in the process of pair production. Since photons, hadrons and leptons are assumed to be composed of praons and contain particles with charges of different signs, the matter and energy of the photon can be transformed into the matter and energy of a pair of oppositely charged particles. The charge separation in the photon s matter can occur due to the action of the strong electric and magnetic fields near the nucleons. <o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'>Being the particles of electrogravitational vacuum, relativistic praons permeate the matter and act on the matter s charged particles according to the modernized Le Sage s theory, so that an electric force emerges between the charges and Coulomb s law becomes valid. <sup>[5]</sup> <sup>[1]</sup> Thus, the concept of praons allows us not only to understand the photon structure and to find its mass, but also to give a general explanation of the main electromagnetic phenomena. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal; mso-outline-level:2'><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext; mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'>References<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><sup><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>1.0</span></font></sup><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> <sup>1.1</sup> <sup>1.2</sup> </span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'>Fedosin</span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> </span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'>S</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>.</span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'>G</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>. </span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jfas/article/view/168204">The charged component of the vacuum field as the source of electric force in the modernized Le Sage s model.</a> Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 971-1020 (2016). <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i3.18">http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v8i3.18</a>, <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.845357">https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.845357</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><sup><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>2.0</span></font></sup><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> <sup>2.1</sup> </span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN; mso-fareast-language:RU'>Fedosin</span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> </span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'>S</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>.</span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'>G</span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'>. </span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'><a href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jfas/article/view/151053">The substantial model of the photon</a>. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 411-467 (2017). <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i1.25">http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i1.25</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'>Sergey Fedosin, <a href="https://www.morebooks.de/store/gb/book/the-physical-theories-and-infinite-hierarchical-nesting-of-matter-volume-1/isbn/978-3-659-57301-9">The physical theories and infinite hierarchical nesting of matter</a>, Volume 1, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, pages: 580, ISBN&nbsp;978-3-659-57301-9. (2014). <o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span class=reference-text><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Joël Rosato. Retaining hypothetical photon mass in atomic spectroscopy models. The European Physical Journal D. Vol. 73, art. 7 (2019). </span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2018-90427-9"><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2018-90427-9</span></a></font></span><span class=reference-text><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>.</span></span><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'>Fedosin S.G. <a href="http://wseas.org/wseas/cms.action?id=10178">The Force Vacuum Field as an Alternative to the Ether and Quantum Vacuum</a>. WSEAS Transactions on Applied and Theoretical Mechanics, ISSN / E-ISSN: 1991 8747 / 2224 3429, Volume 10, Art. #3, pp. 31-38 (2015). <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.888979">http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.888979</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></li> </ol> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal; mso-outline-level:2'><span class=SpellE><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'>See</span></font></b></span><b><font size=5 color=black><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'> <span class=SpellE>also</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/smeen.htm"><span class=SpellE>Substantial</span> <span class=SpellE>electron</span> <span class=SpellE>model</span></a></span></font></u><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'> <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;mso-margin-top-alt:auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3; tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/smnen.htm">Substantial neutron model</a></span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN;mso-fareast-language:RU'> </span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/smpen.htm"><span class=SpellE>Substantial</span> <span class=SpellE>proton</span> <span class=SpellE>model</span></a></span></font></u><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'> <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/bvmen.htm">Infinite Hierarchical Nesting of Matter</a></span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/pumen.htm">Similarity of matter levels</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/spfen.htm">SP$ <span class=SpellE>symmetry</span></a></span></font></u><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'> <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/stgen.htm">Strong gravitation</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://sergf.ru/gmsen.htm">Gravitational model of strong interaction</a></span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:RU'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/mkken.htm"><span class=SpellE>Model</span> <span class=SpellE>of</span> <span class=SpellE>quark</span> <span class=SpellE>quasiparticles</span></a></span></font></u><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'> <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/nuen.htm">Nuon</a></span></font></u><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'> <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/praen.htm">Praon</a></span></font></u><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'> <o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><u><font size=3 color=blue face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: RU'><a href="http://sergf.ru/even.htm"><span class=SpellE>Electrogravitational</span> <span class=SpellE>vacuum</span></a></span></font></u><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-language: RU'> <o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:normal; mso-outline-level:2'><span class=SpellE><b><font size=5 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'>External</span></font></b></span><b><font size=5 color=black><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:RU;font-weight:bold'> <span class=SpellE>links</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p> <ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc> <li class=MsoNormal style='color:windowtext;margin-top:12.0pt;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN'><a href="http://www.wikiznanie.ru/wikipedia/index.php/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0">Substantial photon model in Russian</a></span></font><span lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:RU'><o:p></o:p></span></li> </ul> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:center'><font size=3 color="#252525" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt; line-height:106%;color:#252525;background:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Source: http://sergf.ru/sphen.htm</span></font><font color="#252525"><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#252525;background:white; mso-ansi-language:EN'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto'><font size=3 color="#252525" face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-GB style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#252525; background:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'><a href="http://sergf.ru/wiki.htm"><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>On the list of pages</span></a></span></font><span lang=EN style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language: EN'><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal'><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:windowtext;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom: 12.0pt;margin-left:0cm'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p> </div> </body> </html>